Peroneal tendon injuries.

Peroneal tendon injuries are underdiagnosed and should be considered in every patient who presents with chronic lateral ankle pain. Ankle sprains are common, and up to 40% of affected individuals experience subsequent chronic ankle pain. Identifying the source of chronic ankle pain can be difficult because of the large number of possible causes. The peroneal tendons are the primary evertors of the foot and function as lateral ankle stabilizers. A careful physical examination, along with a thorough patient history and imaging studies, are critical in arriving at an accurate diagnosis. Understanding the anatomy of the peroneal tendons and knowledge of current treatment approaches for peroneal tendon tears, subluxation and dislocation of the tendons, and peroneal tenosynovitis are of great importance in achieving a favorable outcome. Low-demand patients do well with a nonsurgical approach; high-demand patients may benefit from surgery.