[Surgical treatment of urethral stenoses: technical aspects].

This article is an extensive review on open surgery techniques for urethral strictures from the membranous urethra after pelvic fracture up to the meatus urethrae. It is based on more than 10 year personal experience with nearly all mentioned techniques and a PubMed review on the subject from 1992 to 2005. Most of the studies published are descriptive and retrospective and deliver only a level 3 of evidence. General principles applicable to urethral surgery and tissue transfer are discussed. The different techniques are described in detail. Their indications, Limitations, advantages, disadvantages and results are discussed. Especially re-interventions need experience to make the best choice among the different techniques.