Diabetic patients with essential hypertension treated with amlodipine: blood pressure and arterial stiffness effects of canagliflozin or perindopril.

INTRODUCTION

Hypertension control reduces cardiovascular and renal risks in type 2 diabetes. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors prevent renal glucose reabsorption and decrease glucose plasma levels, blood pressure (BP) and weight reduction. Treatment of hypertension and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 are able to improve arterial stiffness.

AIMS: To evaluate, in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension, the effects of 6 months treatment with canagliflozin, or perindopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, on central BP and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV).

METHODS

Thirty type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension taking amlodipine, 10 mg daily, and metformin, 750-2000 mg daily, were randomized and a third medication was added: canagliflozin, 300 mg daily (n = 15, nine women, mean age: 63 ± 8 years), or perindopril, 10 mg daily (n = 15, five women, mean age 59 ± 4 years), for 6 months. Ambulatory BP monitoring was assessed at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of treatment, whereas cfPWV was measured before and after 6 months of treatment. Plasma fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, creatinine, plasma and urinary sodium and potassium were also measured.

RESULTS

Both treatments significantly reduced BP and cfPWV. Only canagliflozin maintained the PWV action after adjusting for BP values and reduced glycemia, glycated hemoglobin and 24 h urinary sodium. Other security laboratory parameters, including gluthamic oxaloacetic transaminase, gluthamic piruvic transaminase; and bilirubin failed to show any change.

CONCLUSION

Canagliflozin reduced BP and improve arterial stiffness, independently of the BP effect. These two conditions could explain the cardiovascular protection observed with canagliflozin compared with perindopril.