[Current ideas of hereditary nephropathies].

The paper describes a number of hereditary nephropathies, including hereditary nephritis (Alport's syndrome), the most common genetically determined renal disease, in the context of recent genetic studies. The specific features of tuberous sclerosis, a systemic disease inherited in a monogenic manner are outlined. Dysmetabolic nephropathy with oxalate-calcium crystalluria is presented as an example of multifactorial pathology.