[Infectious Etiologies of the acute diarrheas of the child from 0 to 5 years at the Pediatric University hospital Charles de Gaulle (Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso)].

To identify the infectious agents responsible for acute diarrheas in children from 0 to 5 years, with the aim of improving care, we led a cross-sectional prospective study at the Pediatric University hospital Charles de Gaulle from January 1st - November 30th, 2009. A sample of 103 children's stools hospitalized for acute diarrhea was analyzed. The average age of the patients was of 9.5 months and the most affected age bracket was the one from 0 to 12 months. More than half of the cases of diarrheas (60.2%) had an infectious etiology of which 33% of viral origin, 21.4% bacterial, 9.7% parasitic and in 9.7% of the cases a co-infection. In the viral diarrheas, rotavirus was observed in 17.5% of the cases and serotypes adenoviruses 40, 41 in 15.5% of the cases. The isolated bacteria were essentially represented by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (21 cases). This bacterium had a strong resistance to amoxicillin, cotrimoxazole (90%) as well as in the amoxicillin+Clavulanic acid (57%). The ascendancy of rotavirus in the etiology of the acute diarrheas of children from 0 to 5 years hints to a need for vaccination against this infectious agent. Aside from the ineffectiveness of group A penicillins and of the cotrimoxazole against most of the isolated bacteria calls to medical prescribers to reconsider antibiotic treatment in the diarrheas of the children.