Saussurea lappa enhances folliculogenesis by suppressing F2-isoprostane, TNF-α, and apoptosis in endometriosis mice.

BACKGROUND

Endometriosis can disrupt folliculogenesis due to elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, free radicals, and the apoptotic response in granulosa cells (GCs). It can cause fertility issues in women. To date, the most effective management strategy to address it has not been identified. The root extract of Saussurea lappa, also known as puck or kush (Indonesia), can reduce tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) levels, inhibit reactive oxygen species, and prevent apoptosis in GCs, thereby enhancing folliculogenesis.

AIM: This study aimed to assess the effects of a 70% ethanol extract of S. lappa on F2-isoprostane (FiSOP), TNF-α, and apoptosis in the GCs of primary, secondary, and tertiary follicles in a mice model of endometriosis, potentially improving folliculogenesis.

METHODS

Desiccated S. lappa root was transformed into a 70% ethanol extract. Thirty-two mice were utilized to establish the endometriosis model and were divided into four groups: one control group (K1) and three treatment groups administered oral S. lappa extract at doses of 200 (K2), 400 (K3), and 600 (K4) mg/kg. FiSOP levels, TNF-α, and apoptosis in GCs were assessed, along with ovarian follicles (primary, secondary, and tertiary).

RESULTS

The research findings indicate (p < 0.05) that the concentrations of FiSOP, TNF-α, and apoptosis in the GCs of primary, secondary, and tertiary follicles diminished, whereas the follicle count augmented in all treatment groups (K2, K3, and K4) administered S. lappa extract compared with the control group (K1).

CONCLUSION

Saussurea lappa reduces the concentrations of FiSOP, TNF-α, and apoptosis in the GCs of primary, secondary, and tertiary follicles, consequently enhancing folliculogenesis, characterized by an increase in the quantity of these follicles in a mice model of endometriosis.