Spectrum of electrocardiographic and angiographic coronary artery disease findings in patients with cocaine-associated myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND

Cocaine is the most common abused drug in patients presenting to the emergency room with chest pain and frequently leads to cardiac catheterization procedure. The extent of severity underlying coronary artery disease (CAD) in this subgroup of patients has not been well defined. This study set out to define the coronary anatomy as well as the extent of CAD in patients with cocaine-associated myocardial infarction (MI) and correlate that to the presenting electrocardiogram (ECG).

METHODS

Ninety-seven consecutive patients with documented MI and positive urine drug screen for cocaine metabolites were included in the study. Demographic, clinical, ECG and coronary angiography variables were collected.

RESULTS

ST elevation MI was encountered in 32% of the patients. Other ECG findings included ST segment depression, T-wave inversion, left ventricular hypertrophy, conduction blocks and/or old MI in more than 80% of cases. Of the total of 66 patients who underwent angiography, 82% had obstructive CAD, with single-vessel disease being the most frequent finding. None of these presenting ECG findings correlated with angiographic location or severity of obstructive CAD. In nearly one-fifth of the patients, troponin elevation suggestive of cardiac myonecrosis occurred in the absence of ECG findings or angiographic coronary disease.

CONCLUSION

The majority of patients with cocaine-associated MI have obstructive CAD with predominant single-vessel disease. Although ECG abnormalities are frequently encountered, they are of limited diagnostic value in the clinical decision making.