Association of whole blood multi-micronutrients with mild cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults: a matched case-control study.

PURPOSE: Adequate micronutrients play a crucial role in cognitive health. Identifying relevant micronutrients and constructing risk prediction models can guide the prevention of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older adults. This study aimed to assess the associations of MCI with whole blood micronutrient levels and develop a nomogram for personalized MCI risk prediction in older adults.

METHODS

In the matched case-control study, 100 MCI patients and 100 matched controls by age, sex and education from Baodi District, Tianjin, China were recruited. MCI was determined by a modified version of the Petersen criteria. Whole blood levels of 9 vitamins and 5 minerals were measured using the dried blood spot technique. Weighted quantile sum regression was employed to identify the most significant micronutrients associated with cognitive function. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed, and a nomogram for predicting MCI risk was developed.

RESULTS

High levels of vitamins (vitamin A, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B9) and minerals (magnesium, selenium) were significantly associated with lower MCI prevalence, in which vitamin B2, vitamin B9 and selenium were ranked as the most significant contributors to cognitive function. The ROC curves for vitamin B2 and vitamin B9 (area under the curve = 0.855) have superior diagnostic accuracy compared to individual assessments (p < 0.05). Based on these findings, a nomogram was developed using these two micronutrients to predict MCI risk.

CONCLUSION

The nomogram based on vitamin B2 and vitamin B9 can be effectively used to detect MCI early and guide preventive strategies in older adults.