H3K14: A histone site closely related to diseases.

Histone H3K14 is a crucial site for histone H3 modifications, which are intimately connected to processes such as DNA replication, gene expression, and transcription. Modifications at H3K14 can lead to damage within the human body. Specifically, the acetylation of H3K14 influences immune system function, often linking to conditions like tumor inflammation and immune-related diseases. Lately, H3K14 has garnered significant attention across various scientific disciplines. This review outlines how H3K14 acetylation impacts DNA replication, enhances gene expression, and influences T cell development and activation. Furthermore, the combination of H3K14 acetylation with propionylation and butyration can also stimulate gene expression. In contrast, H3K14 methylation hinders DNA replication, while H3K14 ubiquitination affects both gene expression and transcriptional activity. The review also discusses the regulation of H3K14 by non-coding RNA, histone acetyltransferases, histone deacetylases, nuclear proteins, and pharmaceutical compounds. It explores the relationship between H3K14 and the diagnosis, onset, and treatment of diseases. By doing so, this review aims to offer a fresh perspective for a comprehensive understanding of H3K14's functions.