COVID-19 among health care workers in Brazil: prevalence and disparities based on respondent-driven sampling.
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Kerr Ligia, Leal Marto, Almeida Rosa Lívia Freitas, Silva Ana Zaira da, Frota Cristiane Cunha, Lima Luana Nepomuceno Gondim Costa, Cruz Luciane Nascimento, Albuquerque Maria de Fátima Militão de, Cohen Mirian, Ximenes Ricardo Arraes de Alencar, Souza Wayner Vieira de, Veras Maria Amélia de Sousa Mascena, Gomes José Luis, Pires Neto Roberto da Justa, Galvão Marli Teresinha Gimeniz, Pinheiro Patrícia Neyva da Costa, Montarroyos Ulisses Ramos, Pereira Cresio Romeu, Miranda-Filho Demócrito de Barros, Souza Junior Paulo Roberto Borges de, Araújo Thália Velho Barreto de, Santos Neto Pedro Miguel Dos, Braga Cynthia, Martelli Celina Maia Turchi, Kendall Carl
Аннотация
METHODS: A survey was conducted among health care workers in five Brazilian cities. Disparities in the prevalence of COVID-19 were analyzed by professional category and region (North/Northeast versus South/Southeast).
RESULTS: The sample was composed of 2,499 health care workers: 601 (24.1%) nursing technicians, 1,095 (43.8%) registered nurses, and 803 (32.1%) physicians. Recruitment and data collection were conducted online from May 21, 2020, to February 10, 2021, using respondent-driven sampling. The overall COVID-19 prevalence was 48.1% (95%CI: 43.4-52.9). The highest COVID-19 prevalence was identified among nursing technicians (52.8%; 95%CI: 44.4-61.0). Nursing technicians reported undergoing fewer PCR and COVID-19 tests compared to physicians. Nursing technicians and registered nurses in the North/Northeast regions who reported COVID-19 symptoms spent much of the first year of the pandemic without access to confirmatory testing. Furthermore, the risk of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 was significantly lower for all occupational categories in the North and Northeast regions.
CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 rates among health care workers were exceptionally high and non-uniformly distributed. This mirrors the vast socioeconomic, cultural, and political differences and the difficulty in coordinating pandemic control actions in Brazil.