Performance of the Methods Used to Reflect the High-Temperature Stress in Crops.

High-temperature stress is one of the most important factors threatening crop productivity in the world. Breeding thermo-tolerant crops and developing cultural practices that can alleviate stress is the most effective and fundamental approach to tackling warmer temperatures. In order to test stress-tolerant practices, creating a realistic stress environment during the period when plants are most sensitive affects success. High-temperature stress trials are carried out in plastic tunnels, sowing time regulation, infrared heating (Free Air Temperature Elevation), greenhouse applications, and climate cabinets. This review focused on which of the methods used could most realistically reflect high-temperature stress. It was discussed that CO2 level irregularity in indoor conditions, the possibility of hot winds not being included in the model, temperature fluctuations, and biotic interactions cannot be reflected. High-temperature stress trials in the open field were considered a useful way to test the effect of a gradual increase in temperature, although it was recognized that achieving the desired high temperature on a yearly basis might not be feasible. In the case of a temperature stress study under a polytunnel, technological improvements should be made to create an environment in which all factors interacting with temperature stress are taken into account.