Pulsed Doppler sonography for the guidance of vein puncture: a prospective study.

Blind deep venous puncture is an invasive procedure with risks of serious complications compromising the availability of veins for future punctures or endangering the patient's life. We designed a new hand-held pulsed Doppler probe for coaxial guidance of the puncture needle and a dedicated pulsed Doppler device displaying the depth of the measurement volume. We used this technique prospectively in two independent centers (the nephrology department and the intensive care unit) involving senior as well as junior staff members. Either the non-Doppler or the Doppler method were randomly selected for subclavian vein catheterization in 100 patients and for internal jugular vein catheterization in 30 patients. The success rate on the first attempt was 86.2% for the non-Doppler method versus 96.8% for the Doppler method (p = 0.03). The failure rate of the non-Doppler method used by junior staff members was 9.2%, reduced to 1.5% (p = 0.05) by secondary use of the Doppler method and/or help from a senior staff member (rescue procedure). Pulsed Doppler guidance reduced significantly the failure rate of venous punctures especially when used by seniors or by juniors after a training period.