Survival outcomes in patients with recurrent mixed sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary.

OBJECTIVE

Mixed sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary contain combinations of granulosa cell tumor components-either adult or juvenile subtypes-and/or Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor elements. The objective of this study is to evaluate survival outcomes in recurrent mixed sex cord-stromal tumors.

METHODS

This is a retrospective cohort study of recurrent mixed ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors identified through the MD Anderson Rare Gynecologic Malignancy Registry between 2000 and 2025. Comparative cohorts with recurrent, histologically uniform adult granulosa cell tumors, juvenile granulosa cell tumors, and Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors were included. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared using descriptive statistics. Progression-free survival after first recurrence and overall survival from first recurrence were assessed using Kaplan-Meier methods and compared using log-rank tests.

RESULTS

Sixteen patients with recurrent mixed ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors were identified: 6 (37.5%) with adult granulosa cell plus Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors, 4 (25%) with juvenile granulosa cell plus Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors, and 6 (37.5%) with adult plus juvenile granulosa cell tumors. When comparing adult granulosa cell tumors to adult plus juvenile granulosa cell tumors, significant differences in median progression-free survival-2 (21.2 vs 8.7 months, p = .03) and overall survival (181.9 vs 83.8 months, p = .001) were observed. No significant differences in progression-free survival-2 (p = .7) or overall survival (p = .8) were noted between juvenile granulosa cell tumors and adult plus juvenile granulosa cell tumors. Among tumors with molecular testing results, 25% (1 of 4) of adult plus juvenile granulosa cell tumors, 25% (1 of 4) of adult granulosa cell plus Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors, and 33% (1 of 3) of juvenile granulosa cell plus Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors were positive for the c.C402G FOXL2 mutation.

CONCLUSIONS

Recurrent adult plus juvenile granulosa cell tumors may exhibit more aggressive clinical behavior than uniform adult granulosa cell tumors, aligning more closely with juvenile granulosa cell tumors in recurrence outcomes.