Dietary Protein Intake in CKD: Quantity and Quality.

An intensive management, including nutritional interventions, is crucial for reducing mortality and improving outcomes in patients with CKD. Dietary protein reduction has been a key strategy in CKD management since the 1930s, when specialized diets were used to treat uremic symptoms. Research has shown that excessive protein intake exacerbates kidney damage, while a controlled protein intake reduces metabolic toxins and their harmful effects. Evidence indicates that animal proteins contribute to the production of uremic toxins; in contrast, a plant-based diet offers numerous benefits as long as the sources are combined to ensure a complete essential amino acid profile. This review explores the optimal protein intake for patients with CKD, focusing on the quantity and quality of dietary proteins and the optimal way to ensure a sustained compliance over time.