Graft loss associated with late humoral rejection after renal transplantation.

Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is an important cause of renal allograft loss after renal transplantation. With the improvement of the crossmatching method and the use of more aggressive immunosuppressants, the incidence and outcome of early AMR has been reduced. Late humoral rejection is becoming an important cause of graft loss. In this chapter, we demonstrated 8 renal allograft recipients who experienced renal allograft dysfunction associated with late humoral rejection, which suggests that graft loss could be caused by anti-donor antibodies.