Engineering Metal-MOF Interfaces for Selective CO₂ Hydrogenation to Methanol.

The hydrogenation of CO₂ to methanol is a promising pathway toward sustainable fuel production and carbon recycling. A key factor in the efficiency of this process lies in the interaction between the metal catalyst and its support. Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as highly effective platforms due to their tunable structures, large surface areas, and ability to form stable interfaces with single-atom metals or metal nanoparticles. These metal-MOF interfaces are crucial for stabilizing active sites, preventing sintering, and enhancing catalytic performance. In this concept paper, we explore the role of these interfaces in promoting CO₂ hydrogenation, focusing on Cu-Zn, Cu-Zr, and Zn-Zr interfaces. The formation of strong interactions between metal sites and MOF nodes enables precise control over the dispersion and electronic environment of the active species, significantly improving methanol selectivity and long-term stability. By analyzing recent advancements in MOF-supported catalysts, this work highlights the concept of engineered metal-MOF interfaces to drive the development of next-generation catalysts for efficient methanol synthesis from CO₂.