Type D personality, insomnia severity, perceived stress, and health-related quality of life in inflammatory bowel disease: A case-control study.

BACKGROUND

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is associated with significant psychological distress. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between Type D personality, insomnia severity, and perceived stress in IBD patients and a matched control group.

METHODS

A case-control study was conducted with 132 patients with IBD and 132 age- and sex-matched controls at the outpatient IBD clinic of Main Internal Medicine University Hospitals, Egypt. The participants completed the DS14 (Type D Personality Scale), PSS-10 (Perceived Stress Scale), ISI (Insomnia Severity Index), SIBDQ (Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire), and GSRS (Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale). For disease severity assessment, the DSI (Disease Severity Index) was employed. Logistic regression analysis was conducted only among IBD patients to identify independent predictors of perceived stress and insomnia.

RESULTS

Compared with controls, patients with IBD presented significantly higher Type D personality scores (total score: 28 vs. 9, p < 0.001), increased insomnia severity (severe insomnia: 9.1 % vs. 3.1 %, p < 0.001), and higher perceived stress levels (high stress: 34.1 % vs. 6.8 %, p < 0.001). Logistic regression revealed that Type D personality (OR: 30.9, 95 % CI: 5.9-160.1, p < 0.001) and urban residency (OR: 3.1, 95 % CI: 1.5-6.7, p = 0.001) were significant predictors of perceived stress, whereas Crohn's disease was associated with greater insomnia severity (OR: 3.6, 95 % CI: 1.6-7.9, p = 0.001).

CONCLUSION

The findings highlight the significant impact of Type D personality, insomnia, and perceived stress on patients with IBD. These results emphasize the need for integrated care approaches that address both psychological and physical health to improve patient outcomes and quality of life.