Complications of Ultrasound-Guided Peripheral Nerve Blocks in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND

Ultrasound-guided nerve block (USGNB) is a technique which employs ultrasound guidance to improve the accuracy of anesthetic delivery in nerve block procedures, which leads to decreased analgesic use, fewer adverse effects, and increased patient satisfaction. While USGNB is traditionally administered by trained anesthesiologists in the perioperative setting, it also offers potential to improve pain management practices in the emergency department (ED).

OBJECTIVE

Our objective is to assess the safety of USGNB in the ED setting.

METHODS

We performed a systematic review and random effects model meta-analysis to estimate the complication rates of USGNB in the ED setting and the odds ratio of complication rates compared to standard of care analgesia. We searched records retrieved from PubMed and Google Scholar. Studies which examined ED-performed USGNB and reported adverse event statistics were included.

RESULTS

Our systematic review screen yielded 179 retrievable studies, of which we included 53. A subset of 22 studies provided calculating odds ratios compared to standard analgesia. USGNB in the ED setting demonstrated a complication rate of 0.05 (95% CI [0.03, 0.07]) and a lower odds ratio 0.17 (95% CI 29 [0.08, 0.37]) of complications compared with standard analgesia.

CONCLUSION

Current evidence suggests that USGNB in the ED setting confers a low risk of complications and offers safety advantages over standard analgesia.