Sister chromatid exchanges and inhibition of DNA synthesis in irradiated human cells.

X-ray irradiation inhibits DNA synthesis and enhances the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in normal human lymphocytes. On the contrary, cells from patients with Down's syndrome, Xeroderma pigmentosum (form II) and progeria, characterized by radioresistant DNA synthesis, do not show such an increase in SCE frequency. We suggest that radiation-induced SCE frequency is a result of inhibition of DNA replication, rather than a direct damage of chromosomes by ionizing radiation. It is in agreement with Painter's /13/ hypothesis according to which SCE are formed due to asynchronous completion of replication in contiguous replicon clusters. So, probability of SCE formation is the more the lower is rate of replication. Thus, the extent of radiation damage cannot be measured directly by the SCE frequency.