Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in a Young Medication-Noncompliant HIV Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare and debilitating opportunistic infection of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by the John Cunningham (JC) virus. It predominantly affects immunocompromised individuals, including those with advanced HIV infection. The incidence of PML in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has significantly declined in the era of antiretroviral therapy (ART). We report a case of PML in a young patient with a history of medication non-compliance, presenting with progressive neurological deficits, underscoring the importance of adherence to ART in preventing opportunistic infections.