Protective Role of Vitamins C, D, and K in the Management of Dengue: A Narrative Review to Combat the Dengue Outbreak.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Dengue fever is mostly found in tropical and subtropical regions and is spread by mosquitoes. Still now, no specific antiviral medication is available against the disease. However, several vitamins have been identified as potential dengue therapy supplements. Therefore, this study aimed to comprehensively gather data on the protective role of vitamins C, D, and K in the treatment of dengue fever.

METHODS

To conduct the present narrative review, we retrieved data from Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, BanglaJOL, Embase, and Scopus regarding the influence of vitamin supplements in dengue treatment. Articles published in English before March 2025 were included in the study.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: This review explored how vitamin C neutralizes reactive oxygen species and reduces inflammation and oxidative damage in dengue infection. It stimulates chemotaxis and NK cell activity and controls the activities of monocytes, macrophages, phagocytosis, and the release of cytokines that promote inflammation. While shielding neutrophils from oxidative damage, it also promotes ROS production, which is essential for pathogen removal. Additionally, vitamin D possesses antiviral and immunomodulatory properties that help to fight dengue virus (DENV). It regulates the course of the disease in DENV-infected individuals by modifying immunological responses. It can limit viral replication, decrease the expression of DENV entry receptors, and alter the expression of inflammatory cytokines in cells infected with the virus. Moreover, vitamin K is recommended in cases of dengue-related hepatic failure and encephalopathy. The administration of vitamin K in early dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) may help to avoid anemia and lessen the need for transfusions.

CONCLUSION

By targeting important pathogenic processes, the adjunctive use of vitamins C, D, and K together provides an effective supplemental strategy in the dengue management and provides a good patient outcome in future dengue outbreak.