Multi-purpose optimization with response surface methodology of plastic waste cables to clean energy with graphene nanoparticles.

Diesel fuels are enhanced with nanoparticles (NPs) and waste plastic oil to reduce harmful emissions and boost engine performance. Alternative to performing costly and time-consuming experimental tests, optimization programs such as response surface methodology (RSM) are used to determine the optimal concentration of NPs. The effects of adding graphene NPs to waste cable pyrolytic oil (WCPO) on diesel engine are not well studied. With this objective, this study applied RSM to investigate the simultaneous effects of graphene and engine load on engine performance and emissions. In this scenario, graphene was introduced into a 20 % WCPO-diesel fuel blend at concentration of 20 and 40 ppm. The results of experimental test performed at varied engine loads (500-3000 W) were optimized using RSM, and the optimum operating parameters were determined to be 1420 W engine load and 40 ppm graphene NPs. Under these conditions, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) engine performances and hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOx), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission values were obtained as 343.79 g/kWh, 23.17 %, 28.74 ppm, 0.048 %, 455.43 ppm, and 5.13 %, respectively.