First-line combination chemotherapy with mitoxantrone and cyclophosphamide in advanced breast cancer.

In this study, 30 evaluable patients with advanced carcinoma of the breast were treated with cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 i.v. followed one day later with mitoxantrone (Novantrone; dihydroxyanthracenedione) 16 mg/m2 i.v. Drug treatment was repeated every 3-4 weeks, for a maximum of 12 cycles. The overall response rate was 43%; five of 30 patients (16%) attained a complete remission, and eight of 30 (27%) had a partial remission. Median response duration was 12+ months. The greater number of responses was seen in skin and soft tissues. Hematologic toxicity was limiting with 75% of patients experiencing substantial-severe leukopenia. Clinically evident heart failure developed in one patient; in three other patients there was minor-moderate alteration of cardiac function during mitoxantrone-cyclophosphamide therapy. Based on these data, it is believed that this regimen may provide significant long-lasting palliation in patients with advanced breast cancer.