The modern role of reproductive surgery.

The modern role of reproductive surgery has changed because of improved capabilities of endoscopic surgery resulting from innovation, instrumentation and experience, the development and increasing applicability of assisted reproductive technologies, and improved knowledge of the optimal application of these and other technologies. Rather than these technologies being competitive, the challenge for the reproductive specialist is to know and utilize reproductive surgery appropriately and effectively in the management of unexplained infertility, endometriosis, myomas, hydrosalpinges, proximal tubal occlusion, adhesions, ectopic pregnancy, tubal reversal, laparoscopic ovarian drilling for polycystic ovarian disease, as an adjunct to assisted reproductive technologies and in other clinical reproductive conditions.