Analysis of Rabies Epidemiological Characteristics and Failed Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Cases - Hunan Province, China, 2019-2024.

INTRODUCTION

This study analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of rabies and the causes of post-exposure management failure in Hunan Province from 2019 to 2024, providing evidence for rabies prevention and control strategies in China.

METHODS

Data on reported human rabies cases, exposures, and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) were analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods.

RESULTS

240 rabies cases were reported in Hunan Province (2019-2024) with an average annual incidence rate of 0.0592 per 100,000 people. A significant decreasing trend was observed (χ 2 trend=32.72, P<0.05). Five factors showed statistically significant differences in their effects on the incubation period: site of exposure, wound management, vaccination after exposure, passive immunization preparations, and sources of animals causing exposure (all P<0.05). In the last six years, there was no increasing trend in the proportion of failed PEP as a percentage of all rabies cases in that year (χ 2 trend=1.809, P=0.86). The median incubation period was 16.0 (Interquartile Range, IQR 14.0-22.0) days for failed PEP cases with exposed areas, including to the head and/or face, compared to 31.0 (IQR 24.0-50.0) days for those without such exposure. The difference was statistically significant (U=20.50, P=0.025).

CONCLUSIONS

The current situation of rabies prevention and control in Hunan Province remains dire. Therefore, comprehensive measures should be implemented to help reduce the incidence of rabies. These include adopting standardized dog management practices, strengthening control measures in high-risk areas, and improving public awareness of PEP.