Knowledge, perceptions, and predictors of zoonotic disease risk among residents of a national park community.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to examine how residents living in Mole National Park, Ghana, understand and perceive zoonotic diseases. By assessing their knowledge sources, perceived transmission pathways, and views on animal reservoirs, the research sought to identify key predictors shaping residents' perception of zoonotic risk and to inform targeted health and conservation interventions.

RESULTS

Awareness of zoonotic diseases was widespread, yet only 37% of respondents rated their knowledge as "very good." Self-learning (89%) was the dominant information source, far outweighing formal training (11%). While most correctly identified rabies and Ebola as zoonotic diseases (80%), misconceptions and gaps remained. Commonly perceived transmission pathways included contact with animal blood (66%), sharing food with animals (60%), and consuming undercooked meat (59%). Monkeys (82%) and bats (65%) were frequently cited as reservoirs. Three-quarters viewed zoonoses as a serious health threat. Ordinal regression showed that occupation, education, length of residence, belief in protective gear, and knowledge level significantly predicted risk perception. Park staff and long-term residents demonstrated higher perception of risk, whereas tour guides, individuals with lower education, and those with limited knowledge showed lower perception. Belief in the effectiveness of protective gear strongly increased perceived risk (OR = 4.48).