A case of developmental topographical disorientation: impact on diagnostic trajectory and everyday life.

Developmental Topographical Disorientation (DTD) refers to impaired ability to create and consult mental maps in the absence of neurological abnormalities. We present the case study of I.S. to explore diagnostic opportunities for DTD. I.S. showed a very specific impairment in the ability to visualize spatial environments. Impaired performance was found for map use, map recognition and spatial working memory. The interview and observations showed I.S.'s quality of life and life choices have been severely affected by her navigation complaints, which have most likely been misdiagnosed repeatedly. We highlight the importance of awareness of DTD in clinicians and provide clinical recommendations.