Dysphagia in patients with sickle cell disease: An understudied problem.

Dysphagia which is defined as disordered swallowing is well known as one of the most common and dangerous symptoms of many diseases, including neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, and most commonly, stroke. Strokes are a potentially devastating complication of sickle cell disease (SCD), the most common genetic hemoglobinopathy worldwide, yet little is known about dysphagia as it relates to SCD. Thus, the purposes of this article are to review briefly the primary causes and health consequences of dysphagia, to highlight the relevance of dysphagia to SCD, to review what little is known about dysphagia in SCD, to recommend, based on our consensus and the available literature, when to screen, evaluate, and monitor dysphagia in patients with SCD, and to outline unanswered questions where research on dysphagia in SCD might improve health outcomes.