sp2/sp3-Hybridized nitrogen-mediated electrochemical CO2 capture and utilization.

Electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and utilization, powered by renewable energy, are essential to achieving net-zero emissions and CO2 valorization. While remarkable progress has been made in catalysts, solution design, and system engineering, recent breakthroughs reveal that nitrogen-containing molecules-specifically sp2-hybridized structures (e.g., pyridine) and sp3-hybridized moieties (e.g., ethanolamine) -hold untapped potential to revolutionize both CO2 capture and conversion. These structures have been demonstrated as the Holy Grail in facilitating CO2 activation, stabilizing key intermediates, and streamlining reaction pathways-capabilities rarely achievable with conventional strategies. However, limited mechanistic understanding of their physicochemical properties and interactions with CO2 hampers broader application. This review highlights recent advances in leveraging sp2/sp3-hybridized nitrogen structures, unpacks their molecular roles in electrochemical CO2 management, and offers a unifying framework for their dual-functionality across capture and conversion. By illuminating these nitrogen-based motifs, we uncover practical design principles and open avenues for integrating expanded N-containing compounds into energy technologies-paving the way for next-generation carbon management strategies.