Anaerobic treatment of low-strength synthetic TCF effluents and biomass adhesion in fixed-bed systems.

Toxicity effects produced by kraft mill effluents are due to the productive process. New bleaching processes have been proposed (e.g. total chlorine free, TCF) to reduce the production of toxic chlorine compounds. In the TCF processes large amounts of chelating compounds like the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DPTA) are used. The aim of this work is to research the feasibility of the degradation of low-strength synthetic TCF effluents in a anaerobic filter reactor (AF) and the biomass adhesion. The effects on the operation of the AF at different EDTA loading rates were tested in the range from 0.07 to 0.51 g EDTA l(-1) days(-1). The maximum EDTA removal percentage achieved was of 27%. Acute toxicity (measured as 24 h-LC(50)) with Daphnia magna was reduced from 14.23 to 54.53% before and after anaerobic treatment, respectively. Observations of biomass samples from the AF under the scanning microscope verified the attached biomass.