The complete chloroplast genome of Solanum lyratum Thunberg (Solanaceae) and its phylogenetic analysis.

The complete chloroplast genome of Solanum lyratum Thunberg was sequenced and analyzed, revealing a quadripartite structure with a total length of 155,870 base pairs. It comprises two regions with inverted repeat (IR) regions of 25,571 bp each, located between a large single-copy (LSC) region (86,319 bp) and a small single-copy (SSC) region (18,409 bp). Comprehensive genome annotation identified 128 functional genomic elements, consisting of 83 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA sequences, and 8 rRNA sequences, with a guanine-cytosine content of 37.8%. Maximum likelihood (ML) analysis based on 86 conserved protein-coding loci from 38 taxa revealed a robust phylogenetic relationship between S. dulcamara and S. lyratum, with maximum bootstrap support (100%) at the branch node. The genomic data elucidated chloroplast architecture and speciation mechanisms in Solanum, particularly in S. lyratum. These findings provide critical insights into taxonomic classification, phylogenetic investigations, and the development of species-specific molecular markers.