Detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in heart tissue from common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) monitored for yellow fever and rabies in Pernambuco state, Northeastern of Brazil.

There is limited available information concerning the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in noncaptive monkeys. Also, New World monkeys (NWM) are highly susceptible to toxoplasmosis, which is a conservation concern. This study aimed to investigate apicomplexan parasites in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) collected for yellow fever and rabies surveillance program in Northeastern region of Brazil. Heart fragments of 39 free-ranging common marmosets were analyzed for the presence of the 18S rDNA gene of apicomplexan parasites by nested PCR. Positive samples were sequenced. T. gondii DNA was detected in 17.9% (7/39) of the analyzed animals. This study is the first report on T. gondii in Callithrix jacchus in Brazil. These findings should be an alert for wildlife conservation institutions, as high susceptibility and mortality were reported for captive NWM.