The hidden dimension of oil extraction using green solvents on the physicochemical and structural properties of crude oil and defatted meals.

Green solvents offer promising alternatives to n-hexane for sustainable vegetable oil extraction. This study evaluated ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate for extracting oils from avocado pulp (AP), rice bran (RB), and soybean flakes (SF), focusing on oil quality and defatted meal properties. lnγi∞ obtained by COSMO-SAC showed tendencies for effective interactions with solutes. Polar solvents, especially alcohols, more effectively disrupted biomass and recovered bioactive compounds. Isopropanol-extracted avocado pulp oil (APO) showed the highest carotenoid content (91.821 mg.kg-1), while acetone was most effective for chlorophylls (43.568 mg.kg-1). FTIR analysis revealed differences in lipid regions between oils and meals. GC-MS identified fatty acids, micronutrients, and flavor compounds, with solvent polarity influencing profiles. PCA grouped the green solvents, while n-hexane yielded a distinct profile.