Evidence-based Palliative Care Approaches to Non-pain Physical Symptom Management in Cancer Patients.

OBJECTIVE

To review effective approaches for non-pain symptom management for cancer patients focusing on treatment of nausea and vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, anorexia/cachexia, fatigue, and dyspnea.

DATA SOURCES: Peer-reviewed articles, clinical practice guidelines, professional organization position statements.

CONCLUSION

Oncology nurses are key advocates for optimal symptom management. Maximizing palliation of symptoms improves quality of life and prolongs survival.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: To provide an evidence-based approach to symptom management, oncology nurses require a deep understanding of symptom pathophysiology while anticipating side effects, educating patients and caregivers, considering psychosocial/spiritual factors, exploring treatment expectations, and clarifying goals of treatment.