Jacks v. Dunnett, 4 November 1987.

The Supreme Court of British Columbia, Canada, awarded general damages of $8000 in a medical malpractice case involving the insertion of an IUD into a woman while another IUD was already in place. It held that it was not necessary to demonstrate how much of the woman's suffering was attributable to the malpractice, because, in all probability, the negligence of the physician had increased the risk of side effects that might result from irritation from the first IUD. The woman in this case had suffered intermittently for two years and eight months after the insertion of the second IUD.