The Effects of the Duration of Aortic Balloon Occlusion on Outcomes of Traumatic Cardiac Arrest in a Porcine Model.

Aortic balloon occlusion (ABO) facilitates the success of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in non-traumatic cardiac arrest, and is also effective in controlling traumatic hemorrhage; however, a prolonged occlusion results in irreversible organ injury and death. In this study, we investigated the effects of ABO on CPR outcomes and its optimal duration for post-resuscitation organ protection in a porcine model of traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA).Twenty-seven male domestic pigs weighing 33 ± 4 kg were utilized. Forty percent of estimated blood volume was removed within 20 min. The animals were then subjected to 5 min of untreated ventricular fibrillation and 5 min of CPR. Coincident with the start of CPR, the animals were randomized to receive either 30-min ABO (n = 7), 60-min ABO (n = 8) or control (n = 12). Meanwhile, fluid resuscitation was initiated by the infusion of normal saline with 1.5 times of hemorrhage volume in 1 h, and finished by the reinfusion of 50% of the shed blood in another 1 h. The resuscitated animals were monitored for 6 h and observed for an additional 18 h.During CPR, coronary perfusion pressure was significantly increased followed by a higher rate of resuscitation success in the 30 and 60-min ABO groups compared with the control group. However, post-resuscitation cardiac, neurologic dysfunction, and injuries were significantly milder accompanied with less renal and intestinal injuries in the 30-min ABO group than in the other two groups.In conclusion, ABO augmented the efficacy of CPR after TCA, and furthermore a 30-min ABO improved post-resuscitation cardiac and neurologic outcomes without exacerbating the injuries of kidney and intestine.