Problems with definitions and classifications of newborn encephalopathy.

Encephalopathy in the newborn has been classified in a manner suggesting that the etiology is known, such as hypoxic-ischemic and post-asphyxial encephalopathy. In the absence of evidence that most cases of newborn encephalopathy reflect these phenomena, we prefer the simple, descriptive terms, neonatal or newborn encephalopathy. Qualitative and quantitative grading schemes are described in this review and some of their potentially correctable limitations are discussed. The ideal grading scheme continues to be an unattained goal.