Anatomical basis of the anterior cervical spine approach: topographic study of the nerve structure.

The results of the surgical anterior approach to the cervical spine are marked in a number of cases by dysphagia and dysphonia, especially when the approach is extensive or performed at the upper cervical spine. 35 cadaver dissections were performed to define the topography of the nerve structures during operative exposure at various vertebral levels: superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves, hypoglossal nerve and its superior root of the ansa cervicalis. The authors suggest some technical improvements, for each stage of surgical dissection.