Anxiety. Its manifestation and role in the dental patient.

Emergencies that arise out of psychophysiologic responses are rarely life-threatening and can be managed readily by the alert dental office team. It is imperative, however, to use all available information during the emergency assessment. Inaccurate diagnosis and treatment as a result of confusion between presyncope and hyperventilation may result in an accelerated onset of the emergency episode. Rapid recognition of an impending alteration of consciousness should minimize the progression toward or reduce any period of unconsciousness. If unconsciousness occurs, basic life support and supine positioning with supplemental oxygen should be provided immediately. Finally, the dental team should be prepared to treat other life-threatening emergencies that might initially present as syncope, such as cardiac arrest, stroke, or anaphylactic reactions.