Effects of blood purification therapy on a patient with ifosfamide-induced neurotoxicity and acute kidney injury.

Ifosfamide combined with other antineoplastic agents has been effective in the treatment of osteosarcoma, although adverse effects are reported in the increasing use of ifosfamide. The most serious complications among the ifosfamide intoxications are neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. We report on a patient who suffered from ifosfamide-induced neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity and rhabdomyolysis after chemotherapy, and was successfully treated with blood purification therapy. The patient had osteosarcoma with multiple lung metastases, wherein the chemotherapy included ifosfamide (3 g/m(2)) and VP-16 (60 mg/m(2)) per day for 3 days. The first day after chemotherapy, the patient experienced impaired consciousness and renal function. Based on the clinical course and laboratory data, the diagnosis was ifosfamide-induced neurotoxicity and the acute kidney injury caused by ifosfamide-induced nephrotoxicity and rhabdomyolysis. As a detoxification treatment, blood purification procedures were performed daily for 3 days. Thirty-six hours after the first hemodialysis session, the symptoms of neurotoxicity disappeared. In the lead-up to the 10th day following intoxication, the serum creatinine recovered to the baseline level. Serum ifosfamide concentration decreased from 41.9 to 12.1 ng/ml by the second session of blood purification. Despite the absence of an established detoxification method when complications present simultaneously, blood purification therapy should be considered for treating severe concurrent neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity and rhabdomyolysis.