Enhanced Fenton-like oxidation (Vis/Fe(III)/Peroxydisulfate): The role of iron species and the Fe(III)-LVF complex in levofloxacin degradation.

Traditional Fenton and Fenton-like processes are affected by the sluggish kinetics of Fe(II) regeneration and Fe(III) accumulation. This research revealed that the degradation efficiency of pollutants was significantly increased by adding Fe(III) to the Vis/PS system. A mechanism is proposed in which photosensitivity pollutants can boost Fe(III) to produce Fe(II) under visible light irradiation. Intriguingly, Fe(III) rapidly combines with LVF in aqueous environments to form Fe(III)-LVF complexes. This research confirms that Fe(III)-pollutant complexes are generated. The proportion of complexes are calculated using mathematical models. Furthermore, the production of Fe(IV) is verified in the Vis/PS/Fe(III) system, which also plays a vital role in boosting LVF degradation. Overall, this study provides comprehensive insights into the degradation mechanism of micropollutants, involving hydroxyl radical (OH∙), Fe(IV), and Fe(III)-LVF complexes, providing an efficient and green strategy for contaminant removal during wastewater treatment.