Influence of the vagus nerve on changes in heart rate during sleep apnoea in man.

1. The changes in heart rate surrounding a period of apnoeic asphyxia, produced by either central or obstructive sleep apnoea, are characteristically a progressive bradycardia during the apnoeic period followed by an abrupt reversal to tachycardia with resumption of lung inflation. 2. In a subject who had undergone bilateral pulmonary vagotomy with sparing of the cardiac branches on the left side, the bradycardia is still present during the apnoeic period; however, there is no abrupt response to lung inflation. 3. A subject who had undergone unilateral right-sided pulmonary vagotomy demonstrated a normal response, the increase in heart rate coinciding with resumption of airflow. 4. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the bradycardia of sleep apnoea is a hypoxia-induced chemoreflex and that reversal to tachycardia with resumption of lung inflation is a reflex with afferent fibres in the pulmonary vagus nerves.