Health of laying hens in an aviary system over five batches of birds.

Mortality and health were studied in laying hens kept in an aviary system on a practical scale. All management inputs were done by university staff. Five batches of birds (trials) during a period of 6 years with approximately 4,700 birds per trial were included in the study. The aviary was a three-tiered "Marielund" system divided into 4 pens. Three hybrids, reared on litter with access to perches, were used; Lohmann Selected Leghorn (LSL), Lohmann Brown (LB) and an experimental cross (SLU-1329). The hens were not beak-trimmed. The stocking density was 17 hens/m2 ground floor. Mortality varied between pens and between batches, ranging from normal rates of 3.4% to 7.8%, except in LSL in Trial 2 and LB in Trial 3 where it was much higher (15.6% and 20.9%, respectively). The dominating causes of total mortality were salpingitis and cannibalism. Coccidiosis and lymphoid leucosis contributed significantly to mortality in Trial 2. An infestation with fowl mites (Dermanyssus gallinae) occurred in Trial 1. Feather loss was most severe in LB. Keel bone deviations were recorded at increasing levels by age. Foot abscesses occurred more frequently at 35 weeks than at 55 weeks. LSL was more severely affected than LB and SLU-1329.