Validation and standardization of the content of three di-caffeoylquinic acid in Korean Ligularia fischeri by region of origin.

Ligularia fischeri is a perennial plant in the Asteraceae family, native to Japan, China, Eastern Siberia, and Korea. It is generally known to be beneficial for anti-aging, bronchial diseases, anti-cancer, and constipation. In this study, Ligularia fischeri grown in five regions of Korea (Hahyang, Hongseong, Jeongseon, Nonsan, and Yangsan) were collected, and the absence of interfering substances was confirmed through HPLC analysis and chromatograms compared with standard substances. Potential compounds were identified through MS/MS analysis, and their identities were confirmed using three DCQA (Di-caffeoylquinic acid) standard samples. The linearity, precision, limit of quantification (LOQ) and limit of detection (LOD), and recovery were then measured by quantitative analysis to confirm the content of the three DCQAs. The results of the analysis of three types of DCQA content in Ligularia fischeri obtained from five regions (Hamyang, Hoengseong, Jeongseon, Nonsan, and Yangsan) using three different solvent concentrations (100% DW, 30% EtOH, and 50% EtOH) are as follows (5 g of raw material/50 mL of extraction solvent). In 100% distilled water, 3,4-DCQA was highest in Nonsan (9.29 mg/g), 3,5-DCQA was highest in Hoengseong (5.32 mg/g), and 4,5-DCQA was highest in Nonsan (3.38 mg/g). In 30% ethanol, 3,4-DCQA was highest in Nonsan (19.15 mg/g), 3,5-DCQA was highest in Hoengseong (9.98 mg/g), and 4,5-DCQA was highest in Nonsan (11.79 mg/g). In 50% ethanol, 3,4-DCQA was highest in Nonsan (21.52 mg/g), 3,5-DCQA was highest in Hoengseong (17.06 mg/g), and 4,5-DCQA was highest in Nonsan (11.25 mg/g).