Maintenance immunosuppression.

1. The increased utilization of Neoral, Tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil correlated with the dramatic decrease in rejection rates in the 1990s. 2. The 4% difference in the incidence of rejection noted for recipients treated with Tacrolimus (20%) compared with Neoral (16%) corresponded to a 34% increased odds ratio in the multivariate analysis. The risk of graft loss and patient death were similar for the 2 calcineurin inhibitors. 3. Almost every renal transplant recipient received mycophenolate mofetil in 1999. This agent reduced the risk of 3-year graft loss by 60% and halved the risk of death compared with azathioprine. 4. Use of solumedrol as a corticosteriod increased from 26-67% in the 1990s, but this change in practice did not significantly impact outcome. 5. Although recipients given induction ATG or OKT3 had increased risk of graft failure, these recipients more likely were sensitized or required early dialysis. 6. The risk of rejection was 90% higher for recipients with 5-6 HLA mismatches than those with 0 A,B,DR mismatches. Recipients with a poorly HLA-matched kidney had 50% increased risk of graft loss within 3 years compared with HLA-matched transplants.