The vascular response to nerve transection: neovascularization in the silicone nerve regeneration chamber.

The rat sciatic nerve regeneration chamber was used to study the spatial and temporal response of the endoneurial vasculature during regeneration. Proximal and distal stumps of a transected rat sciatic nerve were placed in opposite ends of a silicone tube and allowed to regenerate for periods of 2, 3, 4 or 52 weeks after the surgery. Serial, transverse sections of nerve were studied at each time-point to quantitate the number of vessels, capillary density and the vessel luminal perimeter per nerve area. The results indicate that the vascular growth relative to the existing tissue in the chamber increases to a peak beyond normal levels and later decreases to values associated with control tissue. While this growth occurred from both the proximal and distal stumps, it appeared predominantly as a traveling wave in the proximal-distal direction preceding the major thrust of neuritic outgrowth from the proximal stump. Morphologic measurements of angiogenesis were paralleled in other animals by measurements of nerve blood flow using laser Doppler flowmetry at corresponding time-points. These data differ somewhat from previous reports of angiogenesis following nerve crush injury and are useful in formulating a general mathematical model of regeneration in the peripheral nervous system.