TSRL-Net: Target-aware supervision residual learning for stroke segmentation.

Accurate stroke segmentation is a crucial task in establishing a computer-aided diagnostic system for brain diseases. However, reducing false negatives and accurately segmenting strokes in MRI images is often challenging because of the class imbalance and intraclass ambiguities problems. To address these issues, we propose a novel target-aware supervision residual learning framework for stroke segmentation. Considering the problem of imbalance of positive and negative samples, a creatively target-aware loss function is designed to dilate strong attention regions, pay high attention to the positive sample losses, and compensate for the loss of negative samples around the target. Then, a coarse-grained residual learning module is developed to gradually fix the lost residual features during the decoding phase to alleviate the problem of high number of false negatives caused by intraclass ambiguities. Here, our reverse/positive attention unit suppresses redundant target/background noise and allows relatively more focused highlighting of important features in the target residual region. Extensive experiments were performed on the Anatomical Tracings of Lesions After Stroke and Ischemic Stroke Lesion Segmentation public datasets, with results suggesting the effectiveness of our proposed method compared to several state-of-the-art methods.