Sex-Dependent Paracrine Effect of Conditioned Media From Adipose Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Prostate Cancer Cells.

Considering the different behaviour of cells in response to diseases in different conditions and sex hormone-dependent cancers, we addressed the possible effect of the sex of the source of these cells from adipose tissue on prostate cancer cells. In this in vitro study, we evaluated the effects of male and female MSC Conditioned Media (MCM, FCM) on prostate cancer cells. The assessment included Hoechst dye staining, a scratch-wound assay, a colony formation assay, and a flow cytometric analysis of apoptosis and the cell cycle. We also performed real-time PCR to examine various genes, including apoptosis-related genes, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) genes, angiogenesis-related genes, and cell growth and survival biomarkers. Our results indicated that the IC50 values were 50% and 75% media in MCM and FCM in each of the three prostate cancer cell lines, respectively. An evaluation of gene expression revealed that in all three prostate cancer cell lines, treatment with MCM was more effective than FCM in reducing the expression of N-Cadherin and Vimentin, EGFR and BCL2 genes (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the MCM significantly increased the expression of BAX and E-Cadherin genes (p < 0.001) in the PC3 cell line. MCM proved to be more effective than FCM in reducing the expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway, EGFR gene, and Apoptosis Regulator (BCL2) in the PC3 cell line. Due to its potential in regenerative medicine and cell therapy, this approach may serve as an effective treatment option for advanced prostate cancer.