Multifunctional Microneedle Patches Loaded With Engineered Nitric Oxide-Releasing Nanocarriers for Targeted and Synergistic Chronic Wound Therapy.

Chronic wounds impose significant physical and mental burdens on patients. Nano-based formulations offer a promising strategy for chronic wound healing due to their non-invasive nature and enhanced biofilms penetration, but they often lack targeting capability or fail to achieve long-term and synergistic effects. In this work, a multifunctional microneedle (MN) patch loaded with engineered nitric oxide (NO)-releasing nanocarriers are presented that encapsulate an antibacterial agent and are immobilized with Concanavalin A (Con A) and NO molecules for targeted and synergistic treatment of chronic wounds. With the assistance of MNs, the nanoparticles (NPs) can directly cross bacterial biofilms and be efficiently delivered to wound tissues, where they target harmful bacteria through the specific recognition between Con A and polysaccharides on bacterial surfaces, followed by the release of the encapsulated antimicrobial agent, thereby achieving effective antibacterial effect. Moreover, the NPs generate NO in a sustained manner as they dissociate in the wound tissue, which exerts potent anti-inflammatory action and benefits tissue regeneration, further promoting chronic wounds closure. Consequently, this work provides a novel MN patch loaded with engineered NPs designed for accelerating chronic wound healing through targeted and synergistic therapy.