Multifunctional behavior of a carbazole derivative: Red phosphorescent emission, aggregation-induced long-life exciton and light-emitting diode application.

A D-π-A typed cyanyl-carboxylic derivative (named as CECZA) merely produced prompt fluorescence with lifetime at nanosceond scale in dilute solutions, whose solid-state luminescence exhibited 3.36 μs lifetime with 13.80 % quantum yield (QY, captured at 522 nm for powder at nanometer scale) at 298 K and 43.36 ms lifetime with 30.46 % QY (650 nm, 80 K, tiny crystals). Femtosecond transient absorption, Raman spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculation provided valid clues to reveal its excitonic transition mechanism. The results indicated that the restricted vibration of benzene ring on carbazole group and alkyl chain weakened the vibrational modes of CECZA molecule and strengthened inter-molecular interactions between adjacent molecules at low temperatures, which promoted the persistent phosphorescent emission. Due to strong UV-vis absorption, high quantum efficiency and excellent thermal stability, CECZA can be used as a potential candidate in light-emitting diode (LED) application. Combined with a commercial InGaN blue-emitting chip, CECZA-InGaN emitted daylight white light.